Cover ...i
ShortCourses and PhotoCourse Publishing Programs ...ii
The eText Edition and Multimedia ...iii
Preface ...iv
Contents ...vi
List of Animations & Extensions ...viii
Chapter 1
Digital Cameras & Images ...9
In the Beginning ...10
What is a Digital Photograph? ...11
Digital Photography—The Past and the Future ...12
Why Go Digital? ...14
Types of Digital Cameras ...15
Jump Start—Taking Photos with Full Auto Mode ...19
Camera Controls ...21
Composing Images ...22
Capturing Images ...25
Continuous Photography ...26
Live View ...27
Capturing Movies ...28
Playback Mode ...29
Special Features ...30
When Things Go Wrong ...31
Image Sensors ...32
Chapter 2
Controlling Exposure ...33
Exposure Controls—The Shutter and Aperture ...34
The Importance of Exposure ...35
How Exposure Affects Your Images ...36
Exposure Controls—Why So Many Choices?...37
The Shutter Controls Light and Motion ...38
The Aperture Controls Light and Depth of Field ...41
Using Shutter Speed and Aperture Together ...43
Exposure Modes ...45
Using Scene Specific Exposure Modes ...46
How Your Exposure System Works ...47
When Automatic Exposure Works Well ...51
When to Override Automatic Exposure ...52
How Overriding Autoexposure Works ...56
How to Override Automatic Exposure ...57
Chapter 3
Controlling Sharpness ...60
Eliminating Blur From Camera Movement ...61
Image Stabilization ...63
Increasing Sensitivity (ISO) ...64
Sharpness Isn't Everything ...65
How to Photograph Motion Sharply ...66
Focusing—The Plane of Critical Focus ...68
Focusing—Focus Areas ...69
Focus—Techniques ...70
Depth of Field ...73
Circles of Confusion ...74
Controlling Depth of Field ...75
Using Maximum Depth of Field ...76
Using Shallow Depth of Field ...78
Conveying the Feeling of Motion ...79
Chapter 4
Capturing Light — Color ...80
Where Does Color Come From? ...81
White Balance ...82
Color Balance and Time of Day ...86
Sunsets and Sunrises ...87
Weather ...89
Photographing at Night ...91
The Direction of Light ...93
The Quality of Light ...95
Chapter 5
Understanding Lenses ...96
Introduction to Lenses ...97
Understanding Focal Lengths ...98
Zoom Lenses ...101
Normal Focal Lengths ...102
Short Focal Lengths ...103
Long Focal Lengths ...105
Portraits and Focal Length ...107
Macro Mode and Macro Lenses ...108
Perspective in a Photograph ...110
Lens Accessories ...111
Chapter 6
On-camera Flash Photography ...112
Flash Power and Range ...113
Flash Sync and Shutter Speeds ...114
Autoflash ...115
Redeye Reduction ...116
Using Fill Flash ...117
Flash Off ...118
Using Slow Sync Flash ...119
Controlling Flash Exposures ...120
Using External Flash ...122
External Flash Accessories ...124
Chapter 7
Studio Photography ...125
Using Continuous Lights ...126
Using Strobes ...128
Connecting the Camera and Studio Lights ...129
Understanding Hard and Soft Light ...130
Using Fill Cards and Reflectors ...132
Using Diffusers ...134
Other Lighting Controls ...136
Putting it All Together—Exposure and White Balance ...137
Choosing a Background ...139
Positioning the Camera ...141
Portrait and Product Photography—Introduction ...144
The Main Light ...145
The Fill Light ...146
The Background Light ...147
The Rim Light ...148
Thinking About Your Photograph ...149
Chapter 8
Displaying & Sharing Photos On-screen ...151
ending Photos to Others—E-mail ...152
Social Networking ...154
Sending Photos to Others—Peer-to-peer Photo Sharing ...155
Slide Shows—On the TV ...156
Slide Shows—On the Computer Screen ...159
Slide Shows—Editing & Polishing ...160
File Formats—The Final Output ...164
Slide Shows—Digital Projectors ...165
Slide Shows—Digital Picture Frames ...168
Publishing Your Photos—eBooks ...173
Publishing Your Photos—Photo Sharing Sites ...176
Publishing Your Photos—Your Own Web Site ...180
Publishing Your Photos—Photo Blogs ...182
Publishing Your Photos—RSS ...184
Background Managers and Screen Savers ...185
Mapping Your Photos ...187
Chapter 9
Displaying & Sharing Printed Photos...190
How Color Photographs are Printed ...191
Making Prints—On-line ...193
Making Prints—for Profit ...195
Making Prints—Locally ...196
Making Prints—Do-it-yourself ...197
Inkjets—Printing Paper ...201
Inkjets—Inks ...206
Inkjets—Archival Issues ...207
Mating & Mounting Prints ...208
Framing, Hanging & Storing Prints ...210
Photo Books—Do It Yourself ...212
Photo Books—Having Them Done ...214
Scrapbooks ...217
Photos on Fabrics ...218
Photos on Smooth Surfaces ...220
Photo Gifts and Novelties ...221
Laser-Etching and Fired Ceramics ...223
Chapter 10
Beyond The Still Image ...224
Panoramic Photography ...225
Stereo Photography ...229
Animations ...235
Shooting & Sharing Movies ...237
Panning & Zooming Still Photographs ...238
Morphing ...239
Lenticular Photography—Prints that Move ...240
Flipbooks—Handheld Animations ...242
Photographing in Black & White and Infrared ...244
Night Vision ...246
Pin Hole Photography ...248
Oil Paintings—Going Full Circle in Retro Mode ...249